BIO1204: Practical Biology

Course Description
This course provides an in-depth exploration of the structural organization and functional dynamics of cells, tissues, and organ systems in vertebrates, with a particular focus on human anatomy and physiology. Emphasis is placed on understanding the integrative functions of key systems—including the cardiovascular, respiratory, endocrine, and reproductive systems—and the mechanisms that sustain homeostasis and adaptation within the body.

Course Objectives:
By the end of this course, students will be expected to:

• Analyze the structural and functional relationships of major vertebrate organ systems, with emphasis on their roles in maintaining physiological balance.
• Evaluate the regulatory and control mechanisms underlying physiological processes, including neural, hormonal, and molecular pathways.

Required materials

1. Dissection kits (scalpel, forceps, scissors, trays).
2. Preserved specimens (fish, frog, small mammals).
3. Models of heart, brain, eye, skeleton.
4. Laboratory chemicals for food tests.
5. Charts & diagrams of organ systems.

Books and References

1. Kardong, K. V. (2019). Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy, Function, Evolution. 8th Edition. McGraw-Hill.
2. Hickman, C.P., Keen, S.L., Larson, A., Eisenhour, D.J., & Ober, W.C. (2017). Integrated Principles of Zoology. 17th Edition. McGraw-Hill